Pile-fabric loom.



No. 840,215. PATBNTBD JAN. 1, 1907.

P. A. WHITMORE.

PILE FABRIC LOOM.l APPLIoA'rIon FILED un. 15. 1904. m'zlmwzm SEPT. 14,1906.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTBD JAN. 1, 1907., P. A. WHITMORB..

PILE FABRIC LOUM. APPLIUATIOI FILED 1111.15, 1904. BENEWED sBPT.14.19o.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Y vPATENTED JAN. 1, 1907. P. A. WHITMORE.

PILE FABRIC LOOM. MPMan-Ion FILED M115, 1904. BENBWBD SEPT. 14.1906.

s SHEETS-SHEET a.

l Ano/mns PATENTED JAN. 1, 19.07.

F. A. WHITMORE. PILE FABRIC LOOM. AAPPLIOATION FILED JAN.15`, 1904. RBNBWEp SEPT. 14.1906.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

A TTHNE YS W/ TNE SSE S No. 840,275. y PATENTBD JAN. 1, 1907.

F. A. WHITMORE. v

PILE FABRIC LOOM.

PPLIOATION FILED JAN.15,1904. RBNEWED sEPTJ. 14,1906.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

No. 840,275. PATENTED JAN. 1,' 1907. F. A. WHITMORB.

PILE FABRIC LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. l5, 1904. RENBWED SEPT. 14.1906.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE.

FRED A. WHITMoRE. oF. IHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNoR To NAZAR COSTIKYAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PlLE-FAsnlo LOOM.

. specmcation of Letter. Patent.

'Patented .Im 1, 1907.'

\ Application lom January 15,1904. Renewed September 14, 190B'. Serial Nc. 384,159.6.

.To @l whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, FRED A..W1IITMURE, a

v citizen of the United States, and a'resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and lState of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Pile-Fabric Looms, of-,Which the following is a'fullfclear,

which similar c iaracters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a front endelev ion of a loom embodying my improvements, arts non.- essential for the understanding of the invention being omitted. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation-of the heddle device, the` beams, lay, and rear reed. Figs. 3 and 4Aare similar views of the same, showing the parts in different positions. side elevation of the hcddle device for manipulating a set of warp-threads, the parts being in a position corresponding to the one shown in Fig. 2. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are similar views of the same, showing the parts in diiferent'.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional positions. plan view of theheddle device on the line 9 9 of Fig. 6. Fig. 10 is a like view of the same on the line 10 10 of Fig. 6. Fig. 11 is a similar view ofthe same on the line 11 11 of Fig. 6. Fig. 12 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional elevation of the weave. Fig. 13 is a plan view -of the interwoven warp-threads. Fig. `14 'is a side view of the same. Fig. 1'5 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of the back reed and the warp-threads in a crossed position. Figs.l 143 and 17 are enlarged face views of the cams for actuating the heddleframes. Fig. 18 isa likel view ofthe cam for operating the needle-plate, and Fig; 19 is a similar view of the cam for operating the back reed.

The pile fabric to be woven by the loom and illustrated in Figs. 12, 13, and 14 consists, essentially, of sets of war -threads a, b,

.A the upper ground Warp-threa Fig. 5 is an enlarged weft-threads'd, and each set of Warp-threads comprises a pile Warp-'thread a and what I- prefer to call an upper ground warp-thread b and a lower ground warp-thread c, the said ile warp-thread a, being looped around the ower ground warp-thread c and extending between the ground warp-threads c and b to form a pile-loop a above the u per ground warp-thread b. The'successive lloopsa2 and a3 of the pile Warp-thread a around the lower ground warp-thread c extend alternately in o posite directions, and the ground warpt reads b and c are twisted laterally between successive icks for the vertical members a* a5 of a p1 e'to extend on op osite sides of b, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 12.

In order to produce the weave described, itV is necessary to manipulate the warpthreads a, b, and c of each set in a peculiar manner by a special heddle device for accomplishing the desired result, as hereinafter more more fully described.

The warp-beams A, A', and A2 for the warp-threads 01), and c, and the breast-beam A3, are suitablyarranged on the main frame B, in which is journaled a crank-shaft C, having crank-arms C connected by alpitman C2 .With the lay D, fulcrumed at D in the frame B and provided with the usual reed v.D2 for beating in the weft-'threads d and the pilewire e.

The pile warp-thread a and the lower ground Warp-thread c of each set of war threads after leaving their beams A and pass through. the .vertical'slot E of a' back 'reed E, having an intermittent up-and-down movement, and the said reed E is provided above each slot E with an eye E2 fr the assage of the upper ground warp-thread as plainly shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 15.

The pile War -thread a after leaving the' slot E extends orwardly and passes through the eye Fl of a needle F, forming a partofthe heddle device. The-pile Warp-thread a then extends through the reed D? of the lay D and to the cloth` on the usual breast-beam A3; The upper roundwarp-thread b after leaving the eye 2 of the back reed E extends forward and passes through an inverted-U- shaped slot F3, formed in the needle-plate F,

as will be readily understood by reference to Figs. 2' to 10, inclusive. The upper ground warp-thread b after leaving the slot F3 exroo tends forward through the-reed D2 ofthe lay to the cloth. The lower ground war -thread' c extendsv from the slot E ofthe bac reed forwardly and alternately throuv h'spaces F4 F5, formed between the left an ri ht hand sides of the needle-plate Fz and hoo -bars G and G', respectively. (See Figs. 2 to' 11,' nelusive.) 'f

The .sets of hook-barsG and G forthe-several sets of warp-threads c ofthe War .are at-A tached at their, upper and lower en s to the..

frames .are moved g intermittently up .and

trfmyersel -extendinlg heddlefbars'H amLH ofthe hed e-.frames 7 and H3,respectivel mounted to. slide.in yerticalguideways Bf ,-2.. 011 the.. main ramei B, and ,.the, saidheddlef down 4alternately in opposite.. directions .by the `hed(lle-actuating mechanism .of any ap provedconstruction andhereinaft'er set forth` in detail. The.. several,,needle-platesFi` and dle..F. y (See...for.comparison.,Figs. 2 and 4.

and Figs. 5 and 8.)

Immediately below the hooks G2 and,..G`5 and...prefe11.8hly forming integral partsthereof...

' are arranged .what I prefer to call thread-f cams Ghandi?, extending over.A onto the corresponding faces .of the needle-plate4 andbey-ond. thesides of theslot F5 to cover; the, same on the.up.anddown movement vof theheddles, .the inner edges ofthe said cams.l

' leaving, however, the eye-F of the needle F.l

unobstructed whenpassing the same. (See Fig.. 6.) Onthe hoo .-.bars Gand G. are-also formed or secured what I prefer to..cal1 neef die-guides?? G@ and fG7, Similar in shape to .the

thread-cams G4 G5, but located..on,.opposite.

sides ofthe needle-.plate F2. in transverse. alinement. Withthe. thread-cams .G4 G5, so thatl the left side of. theneedlel-.plate passes 'between the thread-cam G4 and, theneedlea guideG, while the right-.hand sidefof 'the needlelate.. F2, ,passesbetweenthe need-lefv guide. 7 and the .threadfam G5.

By .the .arrangement described .thehookf bar` G. isgprovided witha .hook G2, a threads cam 1G4, and a needle-guide4 G, and the hookbar G issimilarlylprovded witha .hook G3, a

thread-.cam G5 vanda .needle-guide G7, the correspelidngl parts being located, A.ho.\eveve1:,. onop ositefacesoftheneedlefplateFZ. Thus. thev t .eadfcamG and.. the needleideiG.3 form one `pairof devices onthe hoo -bar G,

and .the thread-.cam .G5 and the, needlefguide,

Ge form a like pair of devices jfo'lr fthahook bar G The, lower endsofthe.- threadfcam G4 and needle-guide G are connected `with each otherbyacrcss-barGs, extending through avertical slot F5 in the needle-plate F, (see Fig. 10,) and the thread-cam and needleide G5 G7 are similarly connected by a crossarG", extending through a vertical slot 'F7 inthe nesdlefplate, and bythis arrangement thehook-bars G and G and the parts carried thereb ,are properly .guided on .the needles-4 plate -2 to maintain.theseverahperts propel: relitionfto ,eaehfotheB-r Tiller-u perend..on..head-.Fio therneedleeplate Fi has.. ev-y eledsdes-F? and F", assisting ill-. direetn; the.. lowerground.; warp-thread.; 'c'. to. pass either: to lthe rontporfrean faiee .ofwthe-needler plate F2, as hereinafter more-full5deseribed.. The .needlefplate...Ft isengaged atsits llower endby a needle-platewliting'banl,.secured at..

its ends in the vertical members of an inner-fte,

ragedlomthe main.framelB.intermediate..the

guideways B anda-Bfon-zthe heddlenramew The.. meer..thermalisme are pivotallyconnected.; by=.links, J andnJ. with. ell-crank leyersJ2-,and.J5 connected by links` J 4 J5 withthe upper endsotcamflevers .K-and K', ulcrumed-at -orneaniheir-gmiddle.- at..l K?

and. carry-ingfrietienarlellers K4, engaged.. by cams LiL?, 'secu-red our the Cil-lakshaftiilf,

driven byu.,suitable .gearing .iifromethafmief-- driven .shaftrf.N.; whichibyathealsualfgearmge (not .,shown). also rotates Tth ,.,cma.nksh aft..C. Theelawer-ends',of-thaheddlefframesll. are .conneeted vby link sJ" J.7witl1..rop es J yexg y tending .under pulleys J 9 andcennectedwith thelcwerendsof the. .cam-.levers KandaK,

so thatwhen theiloomasino rationandthe ShaftL? is rotatedtheicams .and'fL impartV an :intermittent swinging -fmetion-inoppsite directionsto the cam-levers K andl, whieh ybytheir .connectionsh with the heddle-frames H7.H5.mo,ve .the latter intermittently up and down.,. The.y cams.; L and-L ,arreso-arranged thatythe. heddled'rames .H2 H? area-mowed.

whenever .the lay D is in a .rearmost position.

A similar motion .isz given-,taille .frame .1. of the. needle-platelifting .bar rl, and. for.. this.. purpose .the upper endoftheramel kis cont-I.

connected by. aflink :I4 with aramvlever.. I5,

. nectedfbylinkslzwithn ,bell-'fclank leyer 13,'

wiseulcrumed .at K2..

ShattL?, and-the Said camlever 215 'isalso cone...-

nectedbl a rope and links (not shown)jwith e themeed plate-lifting banl thesame -asthe lowerends of, the fheddlefframes H2. and

are yconnected .With their-...cam-'lewers,Kandj hen .the shaft-,l12

. cams andneedle-guides to engage the other side of the needleoint, (see Fig. 6,) it being understood that t is condition occurs when the shed is closed with respect to all of the warps. By thus engaging the point of the needle F on opposite sides the needle is pre-- ventedvfrom eing bent laterally by a possible strain exerted by the pile warp-thread, (see Fig. 9,) and hence the thread-Canis and needle-guides are not liable to be caught by the needle. When the position shownv in Fig. 6 has been reached, then the needle, needle-plate, and* its liftin -bar in their upward movement move suffigciently slowly for the' still upward-going heddle-frame I-I2 to -bring its pair of thread-cams and needle- 'guides to an u perin'pst position on the head Ffl of the needle-plate, (see Fig. 8,) and then the needle F, needleplate F2, and lifting-bar I follow the upward-moving heddle-frame to their 'up ermost positions. The needle F, needle-p ate F7, an'd its'lifting-bar I move downward during the' last'- portion of J[he stroke of the downward-moving heddle- -7 frame to move upward with this heddle-frame atA the next pick. i Thus the needle and needle-plate move up, and down during thek time a heddle-frame moves in one direction only. The back reed E also has an intermittent upand-down movement, and for this purpose the reed is mounted'in al frame E3, mounted to slide up and down in guideways B4, arranged on the main frameB. The frame E3is pivotally connected-by pitmeh E4 l) with arms E?, held on a rock-shaft E, journaled in the main frame B, and the said rock-shaft Ea is provided with arms E7, having friction-rollers engaging cams E8 on the main shaft N. A When the latter is rotated, the .cams E8 and arms E7 impart an intermittent rocking motion to the rock-shaft E, which by the arms E5 and pitmen E4 gives the desired intermittent upand-down movement to the back reed E. The back reed E serves to ca the u per ground warpthread b ahea of the lbwer ground war thread c when goingup and at the time t e lower ground warp-thread c starts upward and to, then instantly start the upper ground warp-thread b downward as soon as it has crossed to its alternate position to past the point or top of theneedle F.

It is understood that the upper ground bring it warp-thread a. and extends through the to (see Fig.y

warp-thread b is shifted alternately to opposite sides of the needle F for taking the said ground warp over the pile warp-thread a and alternately to oposite sides thereof to" cross the other groun warp-thread c, as will be readily seen by reference to Figs. 13 and 14.

The shuttle mechanism is of the usual con-l struction, and hence a detailed description of the same is not deemed necessary.

The operation is as follows: The warpthreads a, b, and c on successive movements of the lagI D assume alternate crossed and uncrosse positions (see Figs. 4 and 2, respectively) vin front of the back reed E and crossed the clot as the war -threads are bound in at the cloth, but are flee to change positions at the back `reed E owing t'o the relative locationof the warp-beams A, A', nand A2 to the slot E and eye E2 of the vertically-recipro- 'cating reed E. When the machine is in operation and the several parts are in the position shown in Figs. 2 and 5, then the warpthreads are in the uncrossed osition and it is assumedy that the shutt e has assed through the open shed and the i e-wire has been inserted between the pi e warpthread a and the u per ground warp-threadl b. Now while the beating in purposes and reaches a half-way position the. heddles move, and the hook-bar G, as well as .the needlelate F2, moves down, while the hook-bar moves upward. When the hook-bar G begins to move u ward, then the back reed E moves quickly up to an extreme to position to bring the upper ground warp-t read b into its4 extreme upwar( 'position-that is, it passes the pile of the slot F3. (See Fig. 3.) At the same time the lower ground warp-thread c moves upward with the hook G2 into its uppermost position, so that the lower ground warpthread c passes both the pile warp-thread L and the upper ground warp-thread b. When the pairof thread-cams and needleuides G4 G5 has passed up until they are ha f-way on the point ofthe needle F and the head F8 of the needle-plate F2, then the latter is moved upward by the needle-plate-lifting bar I in the same time that the Y air of threadcams and needle-guides G4 an G5 is moving and until the pair of thread-cams and needleguides G5 and G7 has moveddownward to .such a position that the said pairs are' halfway on the needle-point and the head F8* that is, the said pairs have movedinto a position directly opposite each other, as indicated in Fig. 6. The upper ground` warpositions only between the lay D and l ay D moves forward for lOO p Ics thread b is stillin its position on the top of the needle F, but the lower ground warp-` threadchas slipped down on the cam G4 until f it lies at rest between the cam G5 and the guide G7. (See Fig. 6.) The lay is now beating in.

. warphook Gr".

Theneedle-plate FI now rises until the-pair 1 5 -bto-start on its downwardcourse int the-lefthand side of the slot F3. Now as the hook Gra takes hold Yof the lower ground warpthreadc it carries-it down past tho=pile warpthread a andthe up er ground warp-thread bto finally' move the lower ground warpthread c intoits extreme lowermost position.

(See Figs. 4 and 8.) The lay now comes` back to allow the shuttle and the ile-wire e to pass through'the open shed. lguring the movement described the warp-threads-a, b, and c have been crossed-that is, the pile warp-thread. a now stands onto the u per ground warp-thread b is next be ow, an theower ground warp-thread c is downI in its lower-most position. This shifting of both ground warp-threads b and c has taken placeat the y time the said ground warp-threadsA were standing abovethe-pile-Warp-thread a.

By the above movement of the needle-plate- F2 and the hook-bar G the pile warp-thread a is passed betweenl the two round warpthreads b and c. Now this ma esa cross of the threads from. thevright to the left, and when the hook-bar G moves intoits extreme uppermost position a cross/is alsoA made-in an up-and-down' direction of the ground vwarp-threads-b andl c as they pass each other in avertical direction, or, in other words7 a complete twist is roduced', as illustrated in Figs. 4 and '15. uring the-next full stroke of the lay the heddle-frames vH2 H3, the needle, and the needle-plate F2 are again operated' as above described in order that the heddle-frames may move in opposite directions7 and during this operationv the warplthreads arey uncrossed-that is, the lower ground warp-thread c during the full movement of the lay is moved from the space F5 and the front-face 'of the needle-plate back to the space F4 on the left-hand side of the needle-plate and to the rear thereof (see- Figs. 2 and 5) and the up er ground warpthread b has been moved fiom the left-hand side of the slot F3 to the vright-hand sidethereof, and the warp-threads now stand' in the position of a plain open weave.

By the arrangement described the pile -warp-thread a is looped around the lower ground warp-threadc and is then passed between the ground warp-threads c and b, and

` 7-.) At the same-timethe gmundwarp-threads c and'b` are twisted between successive picks, so that the members a and a5 of a pile extend on op osite sides of the'upperground` warp-three b, as shown in Fi 12. y

It is-'un erstood thatl when thev warp- `threads are-crossed the shuttle runs across between the up and down crossed ground warp-threads bI and c, and the pile-wire is extended between the upper ground war thread b and-the-pile-warp-t'hread a,` and tllie against the crossand twist infront of-the-la D'. At the next full movement of the laythe wa -thread's are uncrossed---that is, are

returne to the rst position above describe `lay'D beats up the weit and the pile-wire I By an uncrossedf'position is meant that y the threads a, b andi-c are uncrossedinthe front ofthe back reed E; but they remain crossed at the fabric 1n front ofthe lay D, as the threads at the fabric arebound. in, and conseruent-l at the next movement' of'thelay an the eddles, as described?, the pile warpthread again loops around' the lower ground' warp-thread', only in a-reverse-direction, and' then 1asses betweenthe ground-warp-threads c an f The u per edges of the thread-cams and the nee le-guides arebeveled downwardly and inwardly to-allow a ready downwardpassage of the lower ground warp-thread onto the correspondingbeveled edge F" or F1 on the head' F8 of'theneedle-plate at the time the back reed-1 E moves downward; The lower edges ofthe thread-cams and'nee- (lle-guides are curved to allow a readi/ passage of the up er ground' warp-threeJ 'from either side of the slot F3 tothe top thereof at the time the back reed- E movesupward andI also-to allow the-upper ground warp-thread to passfrom the-top-of the slot down either side of the slot at the timethe back reed moves downward'. Itis understood that the function of the thread-cams and needleguides is to insure a proper shifting of both ground warp-threads b and crelative oneto the other and bothrelative to the pile warpthread a in the needle Fto produce the d'esired result in the weave.

As the-several? parts are all driven from-themain shaft-N, they move synchronously to accomplish the desired result; but I do not limit myself to any particular actuating mechanism described, as the same' may be variedto produce the same result.

Havingthus described' my invention, I claim asnew and desire to secure by Letters- Patentand: p'oint of the needle, the needle-having an IIOA , and one of t c'al slot for the eye for the assage of the pile Warp-thread he ground Warp-threads extending through the said slot, means for `carrying warp-thread up and down past the pile Warp-thread and the said ground Warp-thread in the slot, and alternately to o posite faces of the needlelate and its needlla, and a reciprocating bacl reed having an eye for the passage of the ground Warpthread which passes through the said needleplate slot, the back reed also having a vertiassage of the other ground Warp-thread and the said pile Warp-thread', as set forth. 2. A'. loom for interweaving ground Warpthreads and a pile warp-thread,V rovided with a reciprocating' needle-plate, avin a beveled head, a needle integral on the ne'e leplate and forming With the latter a slot eX- tending aroundthe sides and point of the needle,'the needle having an eye for the passage of the pile Warp-t read and one of the ground Warp-threads. extending through the said slot, reciprocating hook-bars on oppositesides of the needle-plate, spaced therefrom to form spaces VAinto which passes alternately theother ground .Warp-thread, the hook-bars having threads and hooks extending across .the spaces o nto theneedlelate at the opposite faces thereof,v the hoo s being adapted to alternat-ely engage the vlast-mentioned ground War -thread, and a thread-cam and needle- 'gui e on each hook-bar, immediately lbelow the corresponding hook, each pair of threadcams and needleguides engaging o posite sides of the needle-.pl ate and extending fieyond the sides of the said slot, as set forth.` 4

3. A loom for interweaving ground Warp- With a reciprocating needle-plate, havin a beveled head, a needle integral on the nee leplate and forming with the latter a slot extending 'around the sides and point of the sage of the pile War ground warp-threads extending slot, reciprocating hook bars on o posite sides of the needlelate, spaced 'there om to form spaces into w lich passes alternately the other ground warp-thread, the hook-bars through said having hooks extending across the spaces late at the opposite faces onto the needlethereof, the hoo s being adapted to alternately engage the last-mentioned ground War -thread, a thread cam and needlegui e on each hook-bar, immediately below the corresponding hook, each pair of threadcams and needle-guides engaging opposite front and rear 'Warp-thread, com

'needle-plate and forming with the a pile warp-thread, providedl sides of the needle-plate and extending beyond the sides of the said slot, and a reciprocating back reed having an eye for the passage of the ground Warp-thread which passes through the said needle-plate slot, the back threads and a pilewarf-thread, provided'with a needle-plate, a-ne e thereon forthe passage ofthe pile warpr-'thread and forming a slot with the needle-plate for the passage of' one of the ground Warp-threads, a reci r0- cating device' having hooks moving a ternately in opposite directions for alterna `\ely carrying the other ground Warp-thread in of the needle-plate and its needle, a ,needle-guide for thread-camfor each hook, as set fbrth.

- 5. A heddle device for a loom for interweaving ground Warp-threads Aand a pile Warp-thread, comprising avpile Warp-needle, a needle-plate having a slot for one of the ground Warp-threads, and hooks reciprocating in opposite directions on opposite sides of the needle-plate and needle for manipulat ing the lother ground Warp-thread, as set forth. v 4

6. A heddle device'for a loom for interweaving ground warpthreads and a pile rising a reciprocating neee carrying the pileF Warpmoving in unison wit v dle-plate, a need thread and needlepassage 0f the other plate a slot for the hooks reciprocating in ground Warp-thread,

vertical slot for the pas- Y each hook, and a opposite directions on opposite sides of the needle-plate, each' hook having a needleguide and a thread-cam, as set forth.

7. A heddle device-for ,aloom for inter- Weaving ground Warp-threads and a ypile le-plate having a head bevele on the sides, a needle moving with the needle-plate and forming with the same a slot extendingv around the sides and to of the needle, hooks reciprocating in opposi e directionson opposite sides of the needle-plate, a needle-guide a thread-cam for each for each hook, and hook7 as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my naine to this specification in the presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

' FRED A. WHITMORE. Titnesses :.1

THEO. G. Hosrnn, HAIL D.. MUGERDITCHYAN.

roo Warp-thread, comprising a reci rocating neeneedle, the needle having an-eye for the pasyd d -thread, and one of the IOS IIO 

